Amazon. com Help Supply Chain Standards

Supply Chain Connect: Set user permissions

Supply Chain Connect is designed to streamline the shipment process for sellers who work with suppliers that ship inventory directly to Amazon fulfillment centers.

You can provide access to Supply Chain Connect to the suppliers that are involved in the operation of your business — for example, manufacturers, freight forwarders, wholesalers or similar businesses that ship your inventory to fulfillment centers.

Use the Supply Chain Connect permissions feature to invite your suppliers.

How to provide Supply Chain Connect access

Invite the supplier

Seller Central uses an invitation model for managing Supply Chain Connect accounts. As the account administrator, you send an email to your suppliers inviting them to create a Supply Chain Connect account.

In the Seller Central Settings menu, click User Permissions. Scroll to the Amazon Supply Chain Connect Permissions section and enter contact information for the supplier you want to invite. Click Send invitation. Do this for all other suppliers you want to invite.

The supplier accepts the invitation

The supplier follows the link in the invitation and is asked to create a Supply Chain Connect account.

After the supplier accepts the invitation and creates an account, you can begin sharing shipment information by clicking the Share Shipment button on the Prepare Shipment page in the shipment workflow.

After you have shared a shipment, the supplier will receive an automatic email notification with the shipment information, sign in to their Supply Chain Connect account and complete the shipment process.

How to accept Supply Chain Connect invites

You may receive an email from a supplier inviting you to establish a relationship with them in Supply Chain Connect. To accept the invitation, perform the following steps:

In the Seller Central Settings menu, click User Permissions.

Scroll to the Amazon Supply Chain Connect Permissions section and click the Accept button to accept the invitation from the supplier.

Do this for all other suppliers with whom you want to work.

After you accept the invitation, you will be connected to the supplier within Supply Chain Connect. You can begin sharing shipment information by clicking the Share Shipment button on the Prepare Shipment page in the shipment workflow.

After you have shared a shipment, the supplier will receive an automatic email notification with the shipment information. The supplier can then sign in to their Supply Chain Connect account and complete the shipment process.

Supply Chain & Transportation Management Blog

Amazon. com Inc.

Background:

Amazon. com, based in Seattle, Washington, is the world’s largest online retailer (13). Jeff Bezos founded Amazon in the 1990’s, originally selling only books (12). Amazon started selling products of every variety soon after. Today Amazon sells its own e-readers, tablets, and smartphones, as well as providing cloud computer services and digital music and book downloads (12). Amazon operates in North America, Western Europe, Brazil, Japan, India, and China, with plans to expand into Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe (12).

Supply Chain Strategy:

Amazon’s unique supply chain is centered on its complex system of warehouses, known as Fulfillment Centers (FC’s). Amazon has a network of 96 fulfillment centers worldwide, 55 of which are located in North America (11). Amazon has over 44 million square feet of FC space in North America alone (11). Amazon has 8 sorting facilities (will have 15 by the end of 2014) that sort packages by zip code, allowing for same day delivery through collaboration with USPS (part of Amazon’s new SCM strategy). Amazon uses smaller replenishment facilities to distribute inbound products to the larger fulfillment centers (11). Amazon also has separate returns processing facilities, although it is not clear how many of these Amazon actually has.

As you can see, Amazon’s original FC network was based around cost considerations. The new FC’s for 2013 were placed in high population areas, such as Dallas, San Antonio, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Philadelphia. (9)

Amazon’s new FC’s for 2014-2015 are also in high population areas, such as San Diego, Chicago, Tampa, Washington DC, and New York. (10)

Amazon’s original logistics strategy for the placement of fulfillment centers was based on tax considerations, rather than geographic proximity to its customers. Historically in many states, sales taxes only had to be paid for goods sold in brick-and-mortar retail stores. These states included Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Indiana (not high population states). Distribution centers and warehouses were never classified as retail stores, so goods sold by Amazon and shipped from their FC’s were not taxed (11). Customers not having to pay sales taxes gave Amazon a significant competitive advantage over its retail store competitors, such as Target, Walmart, and Best Buy. Amazon figured out that the cost of shipping products from low cost states without sales taxes gave them more of an advantage than having fulfillment centers closer to customers at a higher cost.

The problem for Amazon is that state governments have caught on to this strategy, and now 16 states have internet sales tax legislation, and several other states have legislation pending. Amazon’s new supply chain and distribution strategy is going to be based more on same-day turnaround for most major cities. (11). There is speculation that Amazon will build FC’s near 20 of the United States’ major cities. Having same-day turnaround will negate the one major advantage that physical retail chains have, which is the ability for customers to purchase and receive a product in the same day.

Another advantage Amazon has with their supply chain strategy involves distributing products for other retailers and sellers. Amazon actually handles and ships goods from their fulfillment centers for major retailers such as Target and Eddie Bauer, among others. Amazon gets a cut of the revenue from these retailers, whereas they would not receive anything if these retailers handled their own online sales exclusively. This also applies to the “Amazon Marketplace”, where individuals can sell their own products, such as used books and movies, with Amazon handling the transaction and getting a cut of the revenue (13).

Amazon’s aggressive supply chain strategies are not without risks. Amazon is expanding rapidly, with plans for 17 new FC’s and sortation centers planned for North America and 13 new FC’s and sortation centers planned for outside North America in 2014-2015 (11). This rapid expansion puts a major strain on Amazon’s operations capabilities. How will Amazon integrate these new FC’s into their established network? What happens if there are delays at the new sortation facilities? How will Amazon respond given their new goal of same-day turnaround for orders? Will their third-party shippers be able to keep up with their expansion and same-day turnaround goals?

The other major risk for Amazon’s supply chain is forecasting demand. In order for Amazon to meet customer expectations, they need to predict what items will be demanded each time of year. If Amazon does not keep the correct items in the right quantities in stock, their customer is only one click away from a competing site. What steps will Amazon take to make sure that their forecasts are accurate?

Inventory Management of Amazon:

When it comes to inventory management no company does it quite like Amazon. Having millions of different products, while still ensuring a timely and precise delivery, is far from easy. Yet still, Amazon does this everyday, practically every second, and it all begins with their immense inventory management.

The reality of the situation is when you have that many items, how do you store the items? How do you find them amongst the thousands of others? And how do you keep track of your inventory? The answer is barcodes. Yes, barcodes have been around forever it seems like but these barcodes go much further than the simple scan to tell you the price. Each time an item is taken away from inventory, its barcode is scanned. This then tells the computer system to take one away from the inventory for this item, where the item is at, what order it is for, and when it needs to be shipped; thus keeping track of the inventory up to the second. The bar code is used several more times along the process in Amazon, but for the sake of just the inventory count, having a barcode proves very useful just for this one step. In fact, many companies today go by this system in their own way because of its usefulness.

However, with thousands of products it becomes difficult to manage the amounts of inventory needed for each item. One cannot simply assume there are hundreds of units in stock for each item because this would prove to be far too costly. There would not be nearly enough space in the warehouses for the excess inventory, and there would also be an excessive amount of money wasted on having an inventory that may never be sold. So how does Amazon have the optimal amount of inventory for every one of their thousands of products? They do this by observing the trends of the buyers, knowing the season, knowing the area, and many other small details that Amazon must know and research.

Amazon first learned the importance of inventory management in 1999 when the founder decided to try and stock the warehouses with everything he thought the consumers might buy that holiday season. Though this proved well for customer service, the company itself did not do well. By 2001, seven years after its launch, Amazon was almost 3 billion dollars in the hole. This was when Amazon really started to focus on the importance of the inventory management and the distribution of the inventory. Remarkably, it was reported that in the 4 th quarter of 2001 Amazon accumulated a net profit of 5 million all due to their revamped inventory techniques. Of which that included outsourcing some of its routine activities, and revamping the warehouse design and inventory methods, one of these methods being the chaotic storage method. In this method there is no order to where things are kept in the inventory, just a simply grid of items all with a unique code relating to the isle, section, and shelf the item is on. What this does is it helps to keep things from having to be reorganized constantly because of new items or larger quantities of items. In essence, there is no actual order to need to be organized.

Now, 13 years later, inventory management is key with even more products on the market, even more warehouses, and even more people ordering every day. It is actually said that every 105 seconds a truck leaves an Amazon warehouse somewhere, totaling out to over than 800 trucks of orders shipped out a day. In the most recently reported info on Amazon and other companies, Amazon ranked 27 th globally in their inventory turnover ratio with a number of 8.74, beating out companies such as Target or Wal-Mart, who’s numbers were far smaller at 5.74 and 7.86. What this means it that Amazon has been able to bring in more products and sell more products that both Wal-Mart and Target. Because of their success in inventory management, Amazon strives to continue their excellence in this area by even stating it in their annual report,

“If we do not adequately predict customer demand or otherwise optimize and operate our fulfillment centers successfully, it could result in excess or insufficient inventory or fulfillment capacity, result in increased costs, impairment charges, or both, or harm our business in other ways. A failure to optimize inventory will increase our net shipping cost by requiring long-zone or partial shipmen

It is easy to see how import inventory management can be for a company like Amazon. They strive for perfect inventory management everyday and is one of the many reasons why they are such a massive and successful company today.

Logistics behind Amazon:

Logistics is the movement and storage of materials to meet the customers need and organizational objectives. Some may agree Amazon is the king of retail, some may not, but this empire takes logistics to a whole new level. With features of free 2 day delivery and possibly same day delivery in the near future. Soon enough we won’t even have to leave the house.

Currently Amazons largest fulfillment center is 1.2 million Sq ft.,which is just shy of 24 football fields, including the end zones. Why so big some may ask? Amazon has over 27 million different products for sale. With so many different products of on hand, Amazon needs the storage capacity to store each item for its customer. To ensure the product reaches the customers in a timely manner Amazon uses a method called:

Pick and Pack

This is the method of selecting items currently in the warehouse and prepping them for shipping. These workers travel through the fulfillment centers to individual isles of merchandise to pick and pack the item ordered. Whether it is a red light flashing or the hand held computer telling the picker which row to go to. Following the pick comes the pack, once the package is found the worker travels to the crate line “packer” station, which at this point the packer will scan the item and be told which box to use to efficiently ship the item. After the package is boxed it is sent down a conveyor belt where it will be labeled and sent to a courier service to deliver the package on time. This all happens the second we click purchase on Amazon. com

This had me thinking and wondering how many boxes does Amazon ship per day? I happened to find an equation to help:

I took the revenue of 2013 which was $74.45 billion, multiplied it by the percentage of physical goods shipped: estimated 85% physical goods (others being e-Books, Amazon Web Services, third-party-fulfilled products, etc.) I then divided this by the average order cost: estimated $50 in 2013, multiplied by how many boxes each order uses, estimated at 1 box per order. I then divided all this by 360 days in the year.

$74.45*.85/$50*1/360 = 3,515,694 packages per day

The strategy behind getting these products delivered to the customer in a timely fashion is by the wide variety of courier servies Amazon uses. Although USPS and UPS seem to be the most commonly used, Amazon has a few others:

DHL Worldwide Express A1 Courier Services - Same day delivery service ABF Freight System, Inc. – Trucking freight for delivery to fulfillment centers Airbourne Express Dynamex Eagle Enroute Fedex Menlo Worldwide/UPS Supply Chain Solutions

Amazon is currently testing its own source of courier service, Amazon Fresh. Its currently only be used on the west coast of the United States. By Amazon delivering its own packages via truck it would tremendously lower shipping costs, stop delayed packages and more importantly create same day delivery. Who would ever want to leave the house?

Bibliography

1. “Amazon. com’s Inventory Management.” N. p., 2003. Web. 10 Aug. 2014. .

2. “AMZN’s Management Effectiveness versus Its Competition.” Amazon. com Inc’s Competition Management Effectiveness Comparisons by Company, ROA, ROI, ROE. CSI Market, n. d. Web. 10 Aug. 2014. .

4. Master, Nancy. “Amazon’s Inventory Management Secrets.” Amazon’s Inventory Management Secrets. RFgen, 27 Nov. 2012. Web. 5 Aug. 2014. .

5. “Supply Chain Graphic of the Week: Amazon’s Changing Network Strategy.” Supply Chain Graphic of the Week: Amazon’s Changing Network Strategy. Supply Chain Digest4, 4 June 2014. Web. 10 Aug. 2014.

6. Vijaya Sarathy, R. V., and Rupesh Kumar. “Case Study Report on Inventory Management at Amazon. com.” Scribd. N. p., 6 Oct. 2009. Web. 5 Aug. 2014. .

7. Z. B., Sabitha. “Case Study on Amazon. com’s Supply Chain Management Practices | MBAtio…” Case Study on Amazon. com’s Supply Chain Management Practices | MBAtio… N. p., 24 Feb. 2014. Web. 10 Aug. 2014. .

8. Amazon. (2013). 2013 annual report of Amazon. com. Retrieved from http://phx. corporate - ir. net/phoenix. zhtml? c=97664&p=irol-reportsannual

9. Amazon FC Map 2012-2013. Digital image. Web. 8 Aug. 2014.

Amazon Supply Chain Management and Logistics Management

2216 words (9 pages) Essay in Marketing

Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Essay Writing Service. You can view samples of our professional work here.

Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays.

The case study I have chosen for my topic is on “AMAZON. COM”, the area where I would be focusing is on the core concept of e-business and the benefits it provide effectively in adopting e-supply chain strategies. The main focus here in on the word ‘e-‘as it has change the way of doing business in a global environment. Therefore, technology here plays a vital role in expanding new areas for businesses and enabling organizations to minimize their costs and work more precisely and effectively. Internet has made the world a small village for customers as now customers from across the world can assess any product of their choice by one click of mouse. Internet is world of opportunities as I come across a statement given by Tony Blair (UK’s X Prime Minister),

“If you don’t see the Internet as an opportunity, it will be a threat”. (Financial Times, 1999) (Barnes 2001)

Furthermore, this paper would be focusing on Amazon’s history and background, and then the focus would be on the product and services Amazon is offering to its customers, the practice of supply chain within the company and its customers. The paper also comprises of the benefits of e-business Amazon is providing to the customers effectively as well as importance of logistics in fulfillment of supply chain strategy throughout the supply chain.

Background of Amazon. Com

Amazon. Com was launched on 16th July 1995 by Jeff Bezos known as pioneer in e-commerce (R. Spector 2000) with a tag line under the alphabet ‘A’ “Earth’s Biggest Bookstore” and is based in Seattle. At the beginning the web page was designed for selling books with a message at the top of the website “Welcome to Amazon. com Books” Search one million titles. Enjoy consistently low prices”. (R. Spector, 2000). At Present the company is providing three primary customer sets; consumers, Sellers, and developers. The general idea behind Amazon was to serve as many customers as possible with variety of products that the volume of business would generate profits for Amazon. com. (R. Saunders 2001). In the early phase of business the company agreed upon having a very little or no inventory due to costs involved in keeping inventory.

In the early nineties many traditional bricks-and-mortar retailers worked with their suppliers in accordance with the concept ‘just-in-time’ delivery in order to keep the cost of inventory low but Amazon followed “almost-in-time” delivery introduced by Barton Davis who was the second employee of the firm when Amazon started. (R. Spector,2000). This strategy meant that the books will be delivered to the customers after they order it as they are not kept in the stock until a customer asks for it. At present Amazon have six warehouses where it stocks its inventory. As per the company’s annual report of 2009 it indicates that company is experiencing continuous improvement in customer services which is result of 15 years of previous service like speeding delivery, reducing their cost structure in order to offer customers with ever lower cost prices. (J. P. Bezos 2010).

Products and Services at Amazon

Amazon started with selling of books by filling all orders of books by purchasing from a distributor in accordance with the orders given by customers. At Amazon they have a stock of bestselling books. Amazon’s main strategy is to keep on expanding the set of products and sell them online. In June 2002 Amazon became an authorized dealer of Sony Corp., selling sony products online (E. Turban, 2006). Apart from books Amazon has added many new product categories such as music, toys, electronics, jewelry, shoes and apparel (S. Chopra 2007). According to the annual report of Amazon. Com (2009), it has added 21 new categories around the world which includes Automotive in Japan, Shoes and Apparel in China. Amazon web services as also launched new services and features which includes the Amazon Relational Database Service, Virtual Private Cloud, Elastic MapReduce, High-Memory EC2 Instances and Versioning for Amazon S3. (J. P. Bezos.2010).

Supply Chain Practices of Amazon. Com

Before we come to the supply chain practice of Amazon. Com it’s necessary to define Supply Chain Management, therefore supply chain management refers

“Supply chain management is a set of approaches utilized to efficiently integrate suppliers. Manufacturers, warehouses, and stores, so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities, to the right locations, and at the right time, in order to minimize systemwide costs while satisfying service level requirement.”. (D. S.Levi 2008, Pg.1).

Now, after looking at the definition we come across the real meaning of supply chain management, therefore, if we look at supply chain of Amazon. Com it start from the customer and ends up to the customer meaning it’s a continuous process which starts when the customer for the first time makes a request for any product at Amazon, it directly goes into his virtual basket and after pressing the buy button and mode of payment he selects a mode of delivery services which includes overnight and various international shipping options (R. Spector 2000). Amazon have a system where orders are recorded, registered and processed and simultaneously, customer on the other hand is immediately apprised of the status of his order and how long will it take to ship the product with the amount of shipping costs involved in it (R. Saunders 2001).

Inventory Management at Amazon. Com

Amazon stocks best-selling books at its warehouses and get the other titles from other distributors or publishers. To deliver the products Amazon uses U. S. Postal Services, UPS and FedEx to deliver the goods to the customers (S. Chopra 2007). Here we can see the importance of e-commerce in supply chain that how effectively organizations are trying to invest and find new opportunities through e-commerce especially in field of supply chain management. The supply chain of Amazon is very strong just because of responding quickly and accordingly to the customer’s specification on delivering the goods at the right time, at the right place and at the right price during the time specified According to the annual report 2009 of Amazon. Com, the inventories rose over 200,000 titles at the end of the year which enabled Amazon to improve the availability of products for their customers.

Customer Relationship Management by Amazon. Com

Every business revolves around satisfying customers and enhancing their relationship for long term, the same implies with providing services on Internet or e-commerce, the general idea is to create a positive relationship with customers. The Internet has played an important role in making it possible for organizations to focus on building relationships with customers and having a direct contact with each customer (S. Barnes 2001). Therefore, businesses on internet can improve synchronization, both within and across companies while providing a direct contact with end users. If we look at Amazon, it has build a strong relationship with all of its customers by meeting up their expectations and trying to be more effective in going beyond their expectations. From the company’s more than 80 million customers across the world, more than half are repeat buyers (R. Saunders 2001).

The focus of Amazon was to offer customers compelling value from the beginning and to meet customers’ requirement 365 days a year. According to the annual report 2009 of Amazon. Com, Amazon has relied on Word of Mouth advertisement and to date it remains the most powerful tool in customer acquisition because repeat purchasing and word of mouth has made Amazon to be a market leader in online bookselling. Therefore, it is important for retailers to emphasize on satisfying customers because this can enable them to move first time buyers to loyal customers. Bezos, the chairman of Amazon once said,

“A pool of evangelists will use the Internet as a megaphone to help attract new customers with word of mouth.” (R. Saunders 2001, pg.102)

Importance of Logistics in Supply Chain Management

Logistics plays an important role in supply chain because it acts as a bridge or link between the entire processes of supply chain as it is the main source of delivering the products to the end consumers in a timely manner as and when required. There is a big challenge in logistics in managing the whole logistics system in order to meet the customer requirements, perhaps, exceeding customer expectations. In today’s competitive world and speed of ordering via Internet intensify the need of effective logistics system in order to deploy appropriate levels of inventory, delivering the products within the promised time and also managing the returns if required.

The role of Logistics in Supply chain implies in creating a place utility and in managing the time effectively, as place utility is provided through moving the goods from the point of production to the point where demand exists, thus adding a economic value to the goods. Time utility is of greater essence as it is not necessary that the goods and services should only be available where customers need them but also that they are delivered when they actually demand them. These both activities are clearly seen in the case of Amazon. Com as both the services are effectively and efficiently performed by the organisation.

Role of Logistics in Amazon’s Supply Chain

There has been a deep research done by different authors in order to find the secrets behind the success of a retail company, and that is offering the right products in the right location at the right time having the right packaging in the right quantity at a reasonable price to the right customer (R. Saunders 2001, pg. 119). This is one of the most core elements of any organisation and seems to be the most important objective in Amazon’s shipping as well because the strategy is to deliver the product safely to the customer at the time specified. In the year 2000, Amazon developed a “Delight-o-meter” in order to track the total number of items ordered worldwide. Amazon got high marks in terms of delivering the products in time on holidays from all e-business and e-commerce magazines than other e-tailors companies of the world (R. Saunders 2001).

Benefits of e-business in Supply Chain

The success of every retail and e-retail depends on providing quality products at good prices having in mind quality excellent services. One of the most important benefit that e-business is providing organizations is to reach hundreds of millions of people open 365/24/7 in just a click of mouse omitting all the barriers which used to exists before. Companies with just a minimal capital requirement can easily and quickly reach to the best suppliers, unlimited customers and even most suitable business partners across the globe. This activity enables organizations to buy at cheaper rates and sell more in number of quantity.

E-commerce plays a vital role in overcoming the inefficiencies in supply chain such as delivery delays and excessive inventories can be minimized. Furthermore EB also benefits in cost reduction like decreasing the cost of processing, distributing and storage activities (E. Turban 2006). Companies are now investing heavily in order to get the word ‘E’. Customers are getting the benefit due to intensive competition and number of products available to them online, like with just a click of mouse a customer with saving a lot of time can easily gather information of the features and prices of a product and can easily arrange direct shopping sitting at home (S. Korper 2001). Amazon is a classical example of B2C, which means it remains between the seller and the buyer. The objective of B2C is to optimize the business relationships with customers, increasing service levels effectively and efficiently and lastly increasing the sales (E. Turban 2006).

Conclusion

To sum up I would like to say that e-commerce and e-business play is a life blood of organizations, especially when I talk about Amazon. Com. A comprehensive research has been carried out through my research that how Amazon. Com has evolved its virtual door opened on the World Wide Web in July 1995. Furthermore, I would like to state that e-business plays an important role in managing the supply chain of Amazon. Com effectively and efficiently by offering customers what they are looking for and providing them their products within the time specified. Amazon. Com has become very successful in reducing its costs as well as increasing profitability effectively. The Amazon. Com leaves an example on how to do effective marketing on the Internet and satisfying customers.

The role of e-business in expansion of businesses also play an important role as we see now every organisation whether big or small goes on the Web and offer their products or services on the web as well in order to grab millions of customer on the internet. E-commerce plays an important role in minimizing the costs throughout the supply chain and improves the level of service by meeting or exceeding customer’s expectations. At last but not the least, EC enables companies build a positive relationship with customers by providing direct services to the customers which in turn promotes better customer relationship management and increases customer loyalty.

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Visitors may post reviews, comments and other content; send communications; and submit suggestions, ideas, questions or other material, as long as the content is not illegal, obscene, abusive, threatening, defamatory, invasive of privacy, infringing of intellectual property rights, or otherwise injurious to third parties or objectionable. You must not post or send any content that contains software viruses, or that comprises political campaigning, commercial solicitation, chain letters, mass mailings or any form of "spam". You may not use a false e-mail address, impersonate any person or entity, or otherwise mislead as to the origin of any such content or communication. We reserve the right (but not the obligation) to remove or edit such content. .

If you post content or submit material, and unless we indicate otherwise, you grant: (a) Amazon a non-exclusive, royalty-free and fully sublicensable and transferable rights to use, reproduce, modify, adapt, publish, translate, create derivative works from, distribute, and display such content throughout the world in any media; and (b) Amazon, its sublicensees and transferees the right to use the name that you submit in connection with such content, if they choose.

You agree that the rights you grant above are irrevocable during the entire period of protection of your intellectual property rights associated with such content and material. To the extent permitted by law, as applicable, you: (i) consent to any infringement of; and (ii) agree to waive, any right you have to be identified as the author of such content and any right you have to object to derogatory treatment of such content. You agree to perform all further acts necessary to perfect any of the above rights granted by you to Amazon, at our request.

You are responsible for your content and you represent and warrant that you own or otherwise control all of the rights to the content and material that you post and that, as at the date that the content or material is posted it: (i) is accurate; (ii) complies with these Conditions of Use and any applicable Service Terms; and (iii) does not breach any applicable laws. You agree to indemnify Amazon for all claims brought by a third party against Amazon arising out of or in connection with the content and material you supply except to the extent that any liability arises from our failure to remove the content or material when we receive from a relevant party a valid Notice Form as described in these conditions relating to the content or material.

9. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CLAIMS

Amazon respects the intellectual property of others. If you believe that an item or information on any Amazon Service infringes your intellectual property rights, please follow our Notice and Procedure for Making Claims of Right Infringements.

10. SANCTIONS AND EXPORT POLICY

You may not use any Amazon Service if you are the subject of U. S. sanctions or of sanctions consistent with U. S. law imposed by the governments of the country where you are using Amazon Services. You must comply with all U. S. or other export and re-export restrictions that may apply to goods, software, technology, and services.

11. AMAZON SOFTWARE TERMS

In addition to these Conditions of Use, the terms found here ("Software Terms") apply to any software (and any updates or upgrades to the software and any related documentation) that we make available to you from time to time for your use in connection with Amazon Services (the "Amazon Software").

12. OTHER BUSINESSES

Parties other than Amazon operate stores, provide services, or sell products on this website and we provide links to the sites of affiliated companies and certain other businesses. We are not responsible for examining or evaluating, and we do not warrant or accept any responsibility or liability for the actions or offerings of, any other party or the content of their websites. You can tell when a third party is involved in your transactions, and we may share your information related to those transactions with that third party. You should carefully review their privacy statements and other conditions of use.

13. AMAZON'S ROLE

Amazon, through Amazon Marketplace, allows third party sellers to list and sell their products on Amazon. com. au. The relevant seller is indicated on the respective product detail page. While Amazon helps facilitate transactions that are carried out on the Amazon Marketplace, Amazon is neither the buyer nor the seller of the seller's items. Amazon provides a venue for sellers and buyers to negotiate and complete transactions. Accordingly, the contract formed at the completion of a sale for these third party products is solely between the buyer and seller. Amazon is not a party to this contract nor assumes any responsibility arising out of or in connection with it nor is it the seller's agent. The seller is responsible for the sale of their products and for dealing with any buyer claims or any other issue arising out of or in connection with the contract between the buyer and seller. Because Amazon wants the buyer to have a safer buying experience, Amazon provides to the buyer the Amazon A-to-z Guarantee in addition to any contractual or other rights or remedies that the buyer may have against the seller or any other party.

14. DISCLAIMER AND LIABILITY

Unless otherwise specified in writing, Amazon disclaims, and does not make, any representation or warranty of any kind in respect of the Amazon Services including without limitation any representation or warranty (i) that they are free of viruses or other harmful components; (ii) that your use of the Amazon Services will be uninterrupted or error-free; or (iii) as to the suitability or availability of the Amazon Services.

Amazon will not be responsible for: (i) losses arising from the unavailability of, or your inability to use any Amazon Services), (ii) losses that are not directly caused by any breach on our part; (iii) any business loss, loss of sales, profits, revenue, contracts, anticipated savings, data, goodwill or wasted expenditure; (iv) any indirect or consequential losses; (v) any delay or failure to comply with our obligations under these conditions if the delay or failure arises from any cause which is beyond our reasonable control. For any other loss relating to an Amazon Services, we limit our liability to the amount you have paid to us for the relevant Amazon Service.

Nothing in these conditions is intended to (i) override any express commitments Amazon gives to you for particular Amazon Services (for example, commitments Amazon gives to provide a refund of fees in certain circumstances) or (ii) exclude, restrict or modify any right or remedy you have in statute including under the Australian Consumer Law or otherwise to the extent that that right or remedy cannot be excluded, restricted or modified under law. Any disclaimer, exclusion, or limitation in these conditions applies as provided for in these conditions to the full extent permitted by law and subject to any such non excludable right or remedy.

15. APPLICABLE LAW

The laws of New South Wales govern this Agreement and any dispute of any sort that might arise between the parties. Any dispute relating in any way to this Agreement will only be adjudicated in the courts of New South Wales. Each party consents to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue in these courts. Notwithstanding the foregoing, either party may seek injunctive relief in any state, federal, or national court of competent jurisdiction for any actual or alleged infringement of such party's, its affiliates' or any third party's intellectual property or other proprietary rights. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, and any local laws implementing the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, do not apply to this Agreement. If you would like to bring a matter to our attention, please contact us.

16. AMAZON SERVICES

We reserve the right to cease providing any Amazon Service to you, to discontinue any Amazon Service and to make changes to any Amazon Services at any time. Your access to Amazon Services may be suspended or restricted in accordance with these Conditions of Use and the applicable Service Terms, and as necessary for our business operations including without limitation to allow for repairs, maintenance or the introduction of new features or services.

17. AMENDMENTS

We reserve the right to make changes to any Conditions of Use and Service Terms at any time by posting the changes on our website. You will be subject to the Conditions of Use and Service Terms made available on the website at the time that you use the Amazon Services. You may at any time, cease using any Amazon Services, terminate your account or the relevant Amazon Service (in accordance with Section 7) including in the event of any such change.

18. SEVERABILITY

If any of these Conditions of Use is deemed invalid, void, or for any reason unenforceable, that condition will be deemed severable and will not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining condition.

19. WAIVER

If you breach these Conditions of Use and we take no action, we will still be entitled to use our rights and remedies in any other situation where you breach these Conditions of Use.

20. CHILDREN

We do not sell products for purchase by children. We sell children's products for purchase by adults. If you are under 18 you may use the Amazon Services only with the involvement of a parent or guardian.

21. OUR CONTACT DETAILS

For general inquiries:Contact us Address for service of notices for Amazon Commercial Services Pty Ltd: Legal Department Amazon Commercial Services Pty Ltd Level 37, 2 Park Street Sydney NSW 2000

If you would like to contact us about Kindle Store, Kindle Content, or Kindle Applications contact information is here

Contact information relating to other Amazon Services or the Affiliate that provides the Service may differ and can be found in the relevant Service Terms.

22. NOTICE AND PROCEDURE FOR MAKING CLAIMS OF RIGHTS INFRINGEMENTS

If you believe that your rights are being infringed, you may fill out and submit the Notice Form. We respond expeditiously to rights owners and their agents who complete and submit the Notice Form to communicate concerns about any alleged infringement.

Upon receipt of a Notice Form we may take certain actions, including removing information or an item, all of which are taken without any admission as to liability and without prejudice to any rights, remedies or defences, all of which are expressly reserved. Furthermore, in submitting a Notice Form, you grant to Amazon the right to use, reproduce, modify, adapt, publish, translate, create derivative works from, and display its content throughout the world in any media. This includes forwarding the Notice Form to the parties involved in the provision of the allegedly infringing content. You agree to indemnify Amazon for all claims brought by a third party against Amazon arising out of or in connection with the submission of a Notice Form.

Note on Third Party Seller Listings: Please keep in mind that Third Party Seller listings are merely hosted on Amazon. com. au and are posted solely at the direction of Third Party Sellers who may be contacted via their Seller Information page, accessible from any of their listings.

ASIN and ISBN-10, Defined: "ASIN" stands for Amazon Standard Item (or Identification) Number and is a ten (10) character identifier. It can be found below any listing under Product Details. "ISBN-10" stands for International Standard Book Number and is a ten (10) digit identifier that can be found on some book listings under Product Details.

Important Warning: giving false, misleading or inaccurate information in the Notice Form to Amazon may result in civil and/or criminal liability. You should contact a legal advisor should you have any questions.

Kindle Content: information on how to lodge a notice relating to Kindle Content is available here

23. ADDITIONAL AMAZON SOFTWARE TERMS

1. Use of the Amazon Software. You may use Amazon Software solely to use and enjoy the Amazon Services as provided by Amazon, and as permitted by the Conditions of Use, these Software Terms and any Service Terms. You may not incorporate any portion of the Amazon Software into your own programs or compile any portion of it in combination with your own programs, transfer it for use with another service, or sell, rent, lease, lend, loan, distribute or sub-license the Amazon Software or otherwise assign any rights to the Amazon Software in whole or in part. You may not use the Amazon Software for any illegal purpose. We may cease providing any Amazon Software and we may terminate your right to use any Amazon Software at any time. Your rights to use the Amazon Software may be terminated without notice from us if you fail to comply with any of these Software Terms, the Conditions of Use or any other Service Terms. Additional third party terms contained within or distributed with certain Amazon Software that are specifically identified in related documentation may apply to that Amazon Software (or software incorporated with the Amazon Software) and will govern the use of such software in the event of a conflict with these Conditions of Use. All software used in any Amazon Service is the property of Amazon or its software suppliers and protected by applicable laws protecting copyright and other intellectual property rights.

2. Use of Third Party Services. When you use the Amazon Software, you may also be using the services of one or more third parties, such as a wireless carrier or a mobile provider. Your use of these third party services may be subject to the separate policies, terms of use, and fees of these third parties.

3. No Reverse Engineering. Unless explicitly permitted under applicable mandatory law, you may not, and you will not encourage, assist or authorise any other person to copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble, otherwise tamper with, or bypass any security associated with the Amazon Software, whether in whole or in part, or create any derivative works from or of the Amazon Software.

4. Updates. In order to keep the Amazon Software up-to-date, we may offer automatic or manual updates at any time and without notice to you.

Conditions of Sale

These Conditions of Sale govern the sale of products on amazon. com. au by Amazon Commercial Services Pty Ltd (ABN 30 616 935 623) (trading as "Amazon AU" or "Amazon Australia") to you.

Please read these conditions carefully before placing an order for products sold by Amazon AU, by placing an order you agree to be bound by these conditions.

1. OUR CONTRACT

These Conditions of Sale do not apply to any products sold by, and any transaction between you and a third party seller on the Amazon Marketplace. Section 13 the Conditions of Use applies to those products and transactions.

With respect to products sold by Amazon AU, your order is an offer to us for you to buy the product(s) in your order. When you place an order to purchase the product(s) from us, we will send you a message confirming receipt of your order and containing the details of your order (the "Order Confirmation"). If you are using certain Amazon Services (e. g. Amazon mobile applications) the Order Confirmation may be posted on a Message Centre on the website. The Order Confirmation is acknowledgement that we have received your order, and does not confirm our acceptance of your offer to buy the product(s) ordered. We only accept your offer, and conclude the contract of sale for a product ordered by you, when we dispatch the product(s) to you and send e-mail or post a message on the Message Centre of the website confirming that we've dispatched the product to you (the "Dispatch Confirmation"). If your order is dispatched in more than one package, you may receive a separate Dispatch Confirmation for each package, and each Shipment Confirmation and corresponding dispatch will conclude a separate contract of sale between us for the product(s) specified in that Dispatch Confirmation. Your contract of sale is with Amazon Commercial Services Pty Ltd.

You consent to receive sales invoices electronically. Electronic invoices will be made available in pdf format in the Your Account area of the web site. For each delivery, we will inform you in our Dispatch Confirmation if an electronic invoice is available. For further information about electronic invoices and instructions on how to receive a paper copy please refer to our help pages.

Please note that we sell products only in quantities which correspond to the typical needs of an average household and may refuse orders fro quantities that exceed this. This applies both to the number of products ordered within a single order and the placing of several orders for the same product.

2. CANCELLATION AND RETURNS POLICIES

Unless one of the exceptions listed below applies, you can cancel your order for a product at no cost any time before we send the Shipment Confirmation relating to that product.

You may submit your cancellation request using the Your Orders section of the website.

EXCEPTIONS TO THE RIGHT OF CANCELLATION

The right of cancellation does not apply to:

the supply of goods made to your specifications or clearly personalized; the supply of goods which may deteriorate or expire rapidly; a service if Amazon has fully performed it and you accepted when you placed your order that we could start to deliver it, and that you could not cancel it once delivery had started; the supply of digital content (including apps, digital software, ebooks, MP3, etc) which is not supplied on a tangible medium (e. g. on a CD or DVD) once download or use (whichever is earlier) has begun; and the delivery of newspapers, journals or magazines with the exception of subscription contracts.

RETURNS POLICY

You may return most new, unopened items sold and fulfilled by Amazon within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a full refund of the purchase cost of the item. Please see About Our Returns Policies for more details.

STATUTORY RIGHTS AND REMEDIES

Our cancellation and returns policies apply in addition to other rights and remedies a person may have under law including under the Australian Consumer Law.

3. PRICING AND AVAILABILITY

All prices are inclusive of GST.

We list availability information for products sold by us on the website including on each product information page. Beyond what we say on that page or otherwise on the website, we cannot be more specific about availability. As we process your order, we will inform you by e-mail or by posting a message on the Message Centre of the website as soon as possible if any products you order turn out to be unavailable and you will not be charged for those products.

Despite our best efforts, a small number of the items in our catalogue may be mispriced. If we have made a mistake and a product's correct price is higher than the price on the website, we may either contact you before shipping to request whether you want to buy the product at the correct price or cancel your order. If a product's correct price is lower than our stated price, we will charge the lower amount and send you the product.

4. DELIVERY TIMES

Unless otherwise stated on the website, delivery estimates and dates are just estimates. They are not guaranteed delivery times and should not be relied upon as such. Where we provide a guaranteed delivery date and a delivery attempt is not made for the relevant shipment by that date, we will refund any delivery fees associated with that shipment, and otherwise we are not liable to you for late deliveries. Where estimated delivery times apply, you are still entitled have the products sent to you within a reasonable time. If the delay occurs before the products are dispatched, you may cancel your order at any time prior to dispatch in accordance with Section 2.

5. PRODUCT INFORMATION

Unless expressly indicated otherwise, Amazon is not the manufacturer of the products sold on this website. While we work to ensure that product information on our website is correct, products and any product packaging and materials may be different from that displayed on our website. All information about the products on our website is provided for information purposes only and our sole liability in the event any incorrect product information will be to accept a return of the product in accordance with our returns policies and your statutory rights. We recommend that you do not rely solely on the information presented on our website. Please always read labels, warnings and directions provided with the product before use.

In the event of any safety concerns or for any other information about a product, please carefully read the information provided with the product, contact the manufacturer, or report the concern to us.

For healthcare products, content on this site is not intended to substitute for advice given by a medical practitioner, pharmacist or other licensed healthcare professional. Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you suspect that you have a medical problem. Information and statements about products are not intended to be used to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease or health condition.

Amazon accepts no liability for inaccuracies or misstatements about products by manufacturers or other third parties. This does not affect your statutory rights.

6. CUSTOMS

When ordering products from Amazon for delivery outside of Australia you may be subject to import duties and taxes, which are levied once the package reaches the specified destination. Any additional charges for customs clearance must be borne by you, we have no control over these charges. Customs policies vary widely from country to country, so you should contact your local customs office for further information. Additionally, please note that when ordering from Amazon for delivery outside of Australia, you are considered the importer of record and must comply with all laws and regulations of the country in which you are receiving the products. Your privacy is important to us and we would like our international customers to be aware that cross-border deliveries are subject to opening and inspection by customs authorities.

7. SANCTIONS AND EXPORT POLICY

You may not use any Amazon Service if you are the subject of U. S. sanctions or of sanctions consistent with U. S. law imposed by the governments of the country where you are using Amazon Services. You must comply with all U. S. or other export and re-export restrictions that may apply to goods, software (including Amazon Software), technology, and services.

8. DISCLAIMER AND LIABILITY

Unless otherwise stated in writing, Amazon disclaims, and does not make, any representation or warranty of any kind in respect of any product we offer on the website or that you may order from us. Amazon will not be responsible for (i) any loss arising from the unavailability of any product; (ii) losses that were not caused by any breach on our part; (iii) any business loss, loss of sales, profits, revenue, contracts, anticipated savings, data, goodwill or wasted expenditure; (iv) any indirect or consequential losses; or (v) any delay or failure to comply with our obligations under these conditions if the delay or failure arises from any cause which is beyond our reasonable control. This Section 8 does not affect your rights under Section 4.

Unless otherwise stated in writing, our liability to you for any loss arising from or relating to the offer or sale of any product by us on the website is limited to a refund of the relevant amount paid for the product (including applicable shipping fees).

The disclaimers, exclusions, and any other limitations on Amazon's liability in this Section do not override any express commitments Amazon gives to you (for example, in respect of Guaranteed Delivery as described in Section 4).

Nothing in these conditions is intended to exclude, restrict or modify any non-excludable right or remedy you have under law including the Australian Consumer Law. Any disclaimer, exclusion, or limitation as provided for in these conditions applies to the full extent permitted by law and subject to any non-excludable right or remedy.

9. APPLICABLE LAW

The laws of New South Wales govern this Agreement and any dispute of any sort that might arise between the parties. Any dispute relating in any way to this Agreement will only be adjudicated in the courts of New South Wales. Each party consents to exclusive jurisdiction and venue in these courts. Notwithstanding the foregoing, either party may seek injunctive relief in any state, federal, or national court of competent jurisdiction for any actual or alleged infringement of such party's, its affiliates' or any third party's intellectual property or other proprietary rights. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, and any local laws implementing the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, do not apply to this Agreement. If you would like to bring a matter to our attention, please contact us.

10. AMENDMENTS

We reserve the right to make changes to our website, these Conditions of Sale, our policies, and our listings at any time by posting the changes on our website. You will be subject to the Conditions of Sale and policies available on the site at the time that you order products from us.

11. SEVERABILITY

If any of these Conditions of Sale is deemed invalid, void, or for any reason unenforceable, that condition will be deemed severable and will not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining condition.

12. WAIVER

If you breach these Conditions of Sale and we take no action, we will still be entitled to use our rights and remedies in any other situation where you breach these Conditions of Sale.

13. CHILDREN

We do not sell products for purchase by children. We sell children's products for purchase by adults. If you are under 18 you may only use Amazon. com. au with the involvement of a parent or guardian.

14. OUR CONTACT DETAILS

Our contact details are:

For general inquiries:Contact us Address for service of notices for Amazon Commercial Services Pty Ltd: Legal Department Amazon Commercial Services Pty Ltd Level 37, 2 Park Street Sydney NSW 2000